Three methods of hanging were used and among the earliest was the rope and limb. This crude apparatus accounted for the deaths of 3 men and 1 woman before the trapdoor replaced the limb, and 213 men and 1 woman dropped to their deaths. Trapdoor gallows continued in use during the entire period, and beyond in some jurisdictions, even when a more effective method was devised. The Brooklyn plan, or “twitch-up” gallows, made its appearance in the Wild West in 1880. This gallows used a heavy weight or counter-poise attached to one end of the hangman’s rope so that, when the weight was dropped, the condemned man was jerked upwards with such suddenness that his vertebrae was dislocated. The Brooklyn plan accounted for 53 deaths.